Title 45--Public Welfare

SUBTITLE A--DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

PART 74--UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARDS AND SUBAWARDS TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS; AND CERTAIN GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH STATES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND INDIAN TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS

74.1   Purpose and applicability
74.2   Definitions
74.3   Effect on other issuances
74.4   Deviations
74.5   Subawards
74.10 Purpose
74.11 Pre-award policies
74.12 Forms for applying for HHS financial assistance
74.13 Debarment and suspension
74.14 Special award conditions
74.15 Metric system of measurement
74.16 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, Section 6002 of Pub. L. No. 94-580 (Codified at 42 U.S.C. 6962))
74.17 Certifications and representations
74.20 Purpose of financial and program management.
74.21 Standards for financial management systems.
74.22 Payment.
74.23 Cost sharing or matching.
74.24 Program income.
74.25 Revision of budget and program plans.
74.26 Non-Federal audits.
74.27 Allowable costs.
74.28 Period of availability of funds.
74.30 Purpose of property standards.
74.31 Insurance coverage.
74.32 Real property.
74.33 Federally-owned and exempt property.
74.34 Equipment.
74.35 Supplies.
74.36 Intangible property.
74.37 Property trust relationship.
74.40 Purpose of procurement standards.
74.41 Recipient responsibilities.
74.42 Codes of conduct.
74.43 Competition.
74.44 Procurement procedures.
74.45 Cost and price analysis.
74.46 Procurement records.
74.47 Contract administration.
74.48 Contract provisions.
74.50 Purpose of reports and records.
74.51 Monitoring and reporting program performance.
74.52 Financial reporting.
74.53 Retention and access requirements for records.
74.60 Purpose of termination and enforcement.
74.61 Termination.
74.62 Enforcement.
74.70 Purpose.
74.71 Closeout procedures.
74.72 Subsequent adjustments and continuing responsibilities.
74.73 Collection of amounts due.
74.80 Scope of subpart.
74.81 Prohibition against profit.
74.82 Program income.
74.83 Effect on intangible property.
74.90 Final decisions in disputes.
74.91 Alternative dispute resolution.
Appendix A
Appendix E

45 CFR Part 74 -- Uniform Administrative Requirements for Awards and Subawards to Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, Other Nonprofit Organizations, and Commercial Organizations; and Certain Grants and Agreements with States, Local Governments and Indian Tribal Governments

45 CFR 74.1 -- Purpose and applicability

45 CFR 74.1(a) -- Unless inconsistent with statutory requirements, this part establishes uniform administrative requirements governing:

45 CFR 74.1(a)(1) -- Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) grants and agreements awarded to institutions of higher education, hospitals, other nonprofit organizations and commercial organizations;

45 CFR 74.1(a)(2) -- Subgrants or other subawards awarded by recipients of HHS grants and agreements to institutions of higher education, hospitals, other nonprofit organizations and commercial organizations, including subgrants or other subawards awarded under HHS grants and agreements administered by State, local and Indian Tribal governments; and

45 CFR 74.1(a)(3) -- HHS grants and agreements, and any subawards under such grants and agreements, awarded to carry out the entitlement programs identified at 45 CFR Part 92, Sec. 92.4(a)(3), (a)(7), and (a)(8), except that Secs. 74.12, 74.23, 74.25, and 74.52 of this part do not apply. Under these programs, requests to HHS from Governors or other duly constituted State authorities for waiver of single State agency requirements in accordance with 31 U.S.C. 6501-6508 will be given expeditious handling. Whenever possible, such requests will be granted.

45 CFR 74.1(b) -- Nonprofit organizations that implement HHS programs for the States are also subject to state requirements.

45 CFR 74.1(c) -- HHS shall not impose additional or inconsistent requirements except as provided in Secs. 74.4 and 74.14, or unless specifically required by Federal statute or executive order.

45 CFR 74.2 -- Definitions

45 CFR 74.2(a) -- Accrued expenditures mean the charges incurred by the recipient during a given period requiring the provision of funds for: (1) Goods and other tangible property received; (2) services performed by employees, contractors, subrecipients, and other payees; and, (3) other amounts becoming owed under programs for which no current services or performance is required. Accrued income means the sum of: (1) Earnings during a given period from (i) services performed by the recipient, and (ii) goods and other tangible property delivered to purchasers; and (2) amounts becoming owed to the recipient for which no current services or performance is required by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.2(b) -- Accrued income means the sum of: (1) Earnings during a given period from (i) services performed by the recipient, and (ii) goods and other tangible property delivered to purchasers; and (2) amounts becoming owed to the recipient for which no current services or performance is required by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.2(c) -- Acquisition cost of equipment means the net invoice price of the equipment, including the cost of modifications, attachments, accessories, or auxiliary apparatus necessary to make the property usable for the purpose for which it was acquired. Other charges, such as the cost of installation, transportation, taxes, duty or protective in-transit insurance, shall be included or excluded from the unit acquisition cost in accordance with the recipient's regular accounting practices.

45 CFR 74.2(d) -- Advance means a payment made by Treasury check or other appropriate payment mechanism to a recipient upon its request either before outlays are made by the recipient or through the use of predetermined payment schedules.

45 CFR 74.2(e) -- Award means financial assistance that provides support or stimulation to accomplish a public purpose. Awards include grants and other agreements in the form of money or property in lieu of money, by the Federal Government to an eligible recipient. The term does not include: technical assistance, which provides services instead of money; other assistance in the form of loans, loan guarantees, interest subsidies, or insurance; direct payments of any kind to individuals; and, contracts which are required to be entered into and administered under Federal procurement laws and regulations.

45 CFR 74.2(f) -- Cash contributions mean the recipient's cash outlay, including the outlay of money contributed to the recipient by third parties.

45 CFR 74.2(g) -- Closeout means the process by which the HHS awarding agency determines that all applicable administrative actions and all required work of the award have been completed by the recipient and HHS.

45 CFR 74.2(h) -- Contract means a procurement contract under an award or subaward, and a procurement subcontract under a recipient's or subrecipient's contract.

45 CFR 74.2(i) -- Cost sharing or matching means that portion of project or program costs not borne by the Federal Government.

45 CFR 74.2(j) -- Current accounting period means, with respect to Sec. 74.27(b), the period of time the recipient chooses for purposes of financial statements and audits.

45 CFR 74.2(k) -- Date of completion means the date on which all work under an award is completed or the date on the award document, or any supplement or amendment thereto, on which HHS awarding agency sponsorship ends.

45 CFR 74.2(l) -- Departmental Appeals Board means the independent office established in the Office of the Secretary with delegated authority from the Secretary to review and decide certain disputes between recipients of HHS funds and HHS awarding agencies under 45 CFR part 16 and to perform other review, adjudication and mediation services as assigned.

45 CFR 74.2(m) -- Disallowed costs mean those charges to an award that the HHS awarding agency determines to be unallowable, in accordance with the applicable Federal cost principles or other terms and conditions contained in the award.

45 CFR 74.2(n) -- Discretionary award means an award made by an HHS awarding agency in keeping with specific statutory authority which enables the agency to exercise judgment ("discretion") in selecting the applicant/recipient organization through a competitive award process.

45 CFR 74.2(o) -- Equipment means tangible nonexpendable personal property, including exempt property, charged directly to the award having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5000 or more per unit. However, consistent with recipient policy, lower limits may be established.

45 CFR 74.2(p) -- Excess property means property under the control of any HHS awarding agency that, as determined by the head of the awarding agency or his/her delegate, is no longer required for the agency's needs or the discharge of its responsibilities.

45 CFR 74.2(q) -- Exempt property means tangible personal property acquired in whole or in part with Federal funds, where the HHS awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act, 31 U.S.C. 6306, for property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a nonprofit institution of higher education or nonprofit organization whose principal purpose is conducting scientific research.

45 CFR 74.2(r) -- Federal funds authorized mean the total amount of Federal funds obligated by the HHS awarding agency for use by the recipient. This amount may include any authorized carryover of unobligated funds from prior funding periods when permitted by the HHS awarding agency's implementing instructions or authorized by the terms and conditions of the award.

45 CFR 74.2(s) -- Federal share of real property, equipment, or supplies means that percentage of the property's or supplies' acquisition costs and any improvement expenditures paid with Federal funds. This will be the same percentage as the Federal share of the total costs under the award for the funding period in which the property was acquired (excluding the value of third party in-kind contributions).

45 CFR 74.2(t) -- Federally recognized Indian Tribal government means the governing body of any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community (including any Native village as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act certified by the Secretary of the Interior as eligible for the special programs and services provided by him through the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

45 CFR 74.2(u) -- Funding period means the period of time when Federal funding is available for obligation by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.2(v) -- Government means a State or local government or a federally recognized Indian tribal government.

45 CFR 74.2(w) -- HHS means the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

45 CFR 74.2(x) -- HHS awarding agency means any organization component of HHS that is authorized to make and administer awards.

45 CFR 74.2(y) -- Intangible property and debt instruments mean, but are not limited to, trademarks, copyrights, patents and patent applications and such property as loans, notes and other debt instruments, lease agreements, stock and other instruments of property ownership, whether considered tangible or intangible.

45 CFR 74.2(z) -- Local government means a local unit of government, including specifically a county, municipality, city, town, township, local public authority, school district, special district, intra-state district, council of governments (whether or not incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under State law), any other regional or interstate entity, or any agency or instrumentality of local government.

45 CFR 74.2(aa) -- Obligations mean the amounts of orders placed, contracts and grants awarded, services received and similar transactions during a given period that require payment by the recipient during the same or a future period.

45 CFR 74.2(ab) -- OGAM means the Office of Grants and Acquisition Management, which is an organizational component within the Office of the Secretary, HHS, and reports to the Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget.

45 CFR 74.2(ac) -- OMB means the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

45 CFR 74.2(ad) -- Outlays or expenditures mean charges made to the project or program. They may be reported on a cash or accrual basis. For reports prepared on a cash basis, outlays are the sum of cash disbursements for direct charges for goods and services, the amount of indirect expense charged, the value of third party in-kind contributions applied and the amount of cash advances and payments made to subrecipients. For reports prepared on an accrual basis, outlays are the sum of cash disbursements for direct charges for goods and services, the amount of indirect expense incurred, the value of in-kind contributions

45 CFR 74.2(ae) -- Personal property means property of any kind except real property. It may be tangible, having physical existence, or intangible, having no physical existence, such as copyrights, patents, or securities.

45 CFR 74.2(af) -- Prior approval means written approval by an authorized HHS official evidencing prior consent.

45 CFR 74.2(ag) -- Program income means gross income earned by the recipient that is directly generated by a supported activity or earned as a result of the award (see exclusions in Sec. 74.24 (e) and (h)). Program income includes, but is not limited to, income from fees for services performed, the use or rental of real or personal property acquired under federally-funded projects, the sale of commodities or items fabricated under an award, license fees and royalties on patents and copyrights, and interest on loans made with award funds. Interest earned on advances of Federal funds is not program income. Except as otherwise provided in the terms and conditions of the award, program income does not include the receipt of principal on loans, rebates, credits, discounts, etc., or interest earned on any of them. Furthermore, program income does not include taxes, special assessments, levies, and fines raised by governmental recipients.

45 CFR 74.2(ah) -- Project costs means all allowable costs, as set forth in the applicable Federal cost principles (see Sec. 74.27), incurred by a recipient and the value of the contributions made by third parties in accomplishing the objectives of the award during the project period.

45 CFR 74.2(ai) -- Project period means the period established in the award document during which HHS awarding agency sponsorship begins and ends.

45 CFR 74.2(aj) -- Property means, unless otherwise stated, real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments.

45 CFR 74.2(ak) -- Real property means land, including land improvements, structures and appurtenances thereto, but excludes movable machinery and equipment.

45 CFR 74.2(al) -- Recipient means an organization receiving financial assistance directly from an HHS awarding agency to carry out a project or program. The term includes public and private institutions of higher education, public and private hospitals, commercial organizations, and other quasi-public and private nonprofit organizations such as, but not limited to, community action agencies, research institutes, educational associations, and health centers. The term may include foreign or international organizations (such as agencies of the United Nations) which are recipients, subrecipients, or contractors or subcontractors of recipients or subrecipients at the discretion of the HHS awarding agency. The term does not include government-owned contractor-operated facilities or research centers providing continued support for mission-oriented, large-scale programs that are government-owned or controlled, or are designated as federally-funded research and development centers. For entitlement programs listed at 45 CFR 92.4(a)(3), (a)(7), and (a)(8) "recipient" means the government to which an HHS awarding agency awards funds and which is accountable for the use of the funds provided. The recipient in this case is the entire legal entity even if only a particular component of the entity is designated in the award document.

45 CFR 74.2(am) -- Research and development means all research activities, both basic and applied, and all development activities that are supported at universities, colleges, hospitals, other nonprofit institutions, and commercial organizations. "Research" is defined as a systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. "Development" is the systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from research directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities involving the training of individuals in research techniques where such activities utilize the same facilities as other research and development activities and where such activities are not included in the instruction function.

45 CFR 74.2(an) -- Small awards means a grant or cooperative agreement not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold fixed at 41 U.S.C. 403(11) (currently $100,000).

45 CFR 74.2(ao) -- State means any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, any territory or possession of the United States, or any agency or instrumentality of a State exclusive of local governments.

45 CFR 74.2(ap) -- Subaward means an award of financial assistance in the form of money, or property in lieu of money, made under an award by a recipient to an eligible subrecipient or by a subrecipient to a lower tier subrecipient. The term includes financial assistance when provided by any legal agreement, even if the agreement is called a contract, but does not include procurement of goods and services nor does it include any form of assistance which is excluded from the definition of "award" in this section.

45 CFR 74.2(aq) -- Subrecipient means the legal entity to which a subaward is made and which is accountable to the recipient for the use of the funds provided. The term may include foreign or international organizations (such as agencies of the United Nations) at the discretion of the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.2(ar) -- Supplies means all personal property excluding equipment, intangible property, and debt instruments as defined in this section, and inventions of a contractor conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the performance of work under a funding agreement ("subject inventions"), as defined in 37 CFR part 401, "Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofit Organizations and Business Firms Under Government Grants, Contracts, and Cooperative Agreements."

45 CFR 74.2(as) -- Suspension means an action by the HHS awarding agency that temporarily withdraws the agency's financial assistance sponsorship under an award, pending corrective action by the recipient or pending a decision to terminate the award.

45 CFR 74.2(at) -- Suspension of an award is a separate action from suspension under HHS regulations (45 CFR part 76) implementing E.O.s 12549 and 12689, "Debarment and Suspension."

45 CFR 74.2(au) -- Termination means the cancellation of HHS awarding agency sponsorship, in whole or in part, under an agreement at any time prior to the date of completion. For the entitlement programs listed at 45 CFR 92.4 (a)(3), (a)(7), and (a)(8), "termination" shall have that meaning assigned at 45 CFR 92.3.

45 CFR 74.2(av) -- Third party in-kind contributions means the value of non-cash contributions provided by non-Federal third parties. Third party in-kind contributions may be in the form of real property, equipment, supplies and other expendable property, and the value of goods and services directly benefiting and specifically identifiable to the project or program

45 CFR 74.2(aw) -- Unliquidated obligations, for financial reports prepared on a cash basis, mean the amount of obligations incurred by the recipient that has not been paid. For reports prepared on an accrued expenditure basis, they represent the amount of obligations incurred by the recipient for which an outlay has not been recorded.

45 CFR 74.2(ax) -- Unobligated balance means the portion of the funds authorized by the HHS awarding agency that has not been obligated by the recipient and is determined by deducting the cumulative obligations from the cumulative funds authorized.

45 CFR 74.2(ay) -- Unrecovered indirect cost means the difference between the amount awarded and the amount which could have been awarded under the recipient's approved negotiated indirect cost rate.

45 CFR 74.2(az) -- Working capital advance means a procedure whereby funds are advanced to the recipient to cover its estimated disbursement needs for a given initial period.

45 CFR 74.3 -- Effect on other issuances This part supersedes all administrative requirements of codified program regulations, program manuals, handbooks and other nonregulatory materials which are inconsistent with the requirements of this part, except to the extent they are required by Federal statute, or authorized in accordance with the deviations provision in Sec. 74.4.

45 CFR 74.4 -- Deviations

45 CFR 74.4(a) -- After consultation with OMB, the HHS OGAM may grant exceptions to HHS awarding agencies for classes of awards or recipients subject to the requirements of this part when exceptions are not prohibited by statute. However, in the interest of maximum uniformity, exceptions from the requirements of this part shall be permitted only in unusual circumstances. HHS awarding agencies may apply more restrictive requirements to a class of awards or recipients when approved by the OGAM, after consultation with the OMB. HHS awarding agencies may apply less restrictive requirements without approval by the OGAM when making small awards except for those requirements which are statutory. Exceptions on a case-by-case basis may also be made by HHS awarding agencies without seeking prior approval from the OGAM. OGAM will maintain a record of all requests for exceptions from the provisions of this part that have been approved for classes of awards or recipients.

45 CFR 74.4(b) -- As a matter of Departmental policy, requests for individual case deviations will be considered favorably by HHS and its awarding agencies whenever the deviation will facilitate comprehensive or integrated service delivery, or multiple-source consolidated awards, unless the deviation would impair the integrity of the program.

45 CFR 74.5 -- Subawards

45 CFR 74.5(a) -- Unless inconsistent with statutory requirements, this part (except for Sec. 74.12 and the forms prescribed in Sec. 74.22) shall apply to --

45 CFR 74.5(a)(1) -- Except for subawards under block grants (45 CFR part 96), all subawards received by institutions of higher education, hospitals, other nonprofit organizations, and commercial organizations from any recipient of an HHS award, including any subawards received from States, local governments, and Indian tribal governments covered by 45 CFR part 92; and

45 CFR 74.5(a)(2) -- All subawards received from States by any entity, including a government entity, under the entitlement programs identified at 45 CFR part 92, Sec. 92.4 (a), (a)(7), and (a)(8), except that Secs. 74.12 and 74.25 of this part shall not apply.

45 CFR 74.5(b) -- Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, when State, local, and Indian Tribal government recipients of HHS awards make subawards to a government entity, they shall apply the regulations at 45 CFR part 92, "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments," or State rules, whichever apply, to such awards.

45 CFR 74.10 -- Purpose Sections 74.11 through 74.17 prescribe forms and instructions and other pre-award matters to be used in applying for HHS awards.

45 CFR 74.11 -- Pre-award Policies

45 CFR 74.11(a) -- Use of Grants and Cooperative Agreements, and Contracts. The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act, 31 U.S.C. 6301-08, governs the use of grants, cooperative agreements and contracts. A grant or cooperative agreement shall be used only when the principal purpose of a transaction is to accomplish a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by Federal statute. The statutory criterion for choosing between grants and cooperative agreements is that for the latter, "substantial involvement is expected between the executive agency and the State, local government, or other recipient when carrying out the activity contemplated in the agreement." Contracts shall be used when the principal purpose is acquisition of property or services for the direct benefit or use of the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.11(b) -- HHS awarding agencies shall notify the public of funding priorities for discretionary grant programs, unless funding priorities are established by Federal statute.

45 CFR 74.12 -- Forms for applying for HHS financial assistance

45 CFR 74.12(a) -- HHS awarding agencies shall comply with the applicable report clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320, "Controlling Paperwork Burdens on the Public," with regard to all forms used in place of or as a supplement to the Standard Form 424 (SF-424) series. However, HHS awarding agencies should use the SF-424 series and its program narrative whenever possible.

45 CFR 74.12(b) -- Applicants shall use the SF-424 series or those forms and instructions prescribed by the HHS awarding agency. Applicants shall submit the original and two copies of any applications unless additional copies are required pursuant to 5 CFR part 1320.

45 CFR 74.12(c) -- For Federal programs covered by E.O. 12372, as amended by E.O. 12416, "Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs," the applicant shall complete the appropriate sections of the SF-424 (Application for Federal Assistance) indicating whether the application was subject to review by the State Single Point of Contact (SPOC). The name and address of the SPOC for a particular State can be obtained from the HHS awarding agency or the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. The SPOC shall advise the applicant whether the program for which application is made has been selected by that State for review. (See also 45 CFR part 100.)

45 CFR 74.12(d) -- HHS awarding agencies that do not use the SF-424 form will indicate on the application form they prescribe whether the application is subject to review by the State under E.O. 12372.

45 CFR 74.12(e) -- This section does not apply to applications for subawards.

45 CFR 74.13 -- Debarment and suspension Recipients are subject to the nonprocurement debarment and suspension common rule implementing E.O.s 12549 and 12689, "Debarment and Suspension," 45 CFR part 76. This common rule restricts subawards and contracts with certain parties that are debarred, suspended or otherwise excluded from or ineligible for participation in Federal assistance programs or activities.

45 CFR 74.14 -- Special award conditions

45 CFR 74.14(a) -- The HHS awarding agency may impose additional requirements as needed, without regard to Sec. 74.4, above, if an applicant or recipient:

45 CFR 74.14(a)(1) -- Has a history of poor performance;

45 CFR 74.14(a)(2) -- Is not financially stable;

45 CFR 74.14(a)(3) -- Has a management system that does not meet the standards prescribed in this part;

45 CFR 74.14(a)(4) -- Has not conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award; or

45 CFR 74.14(a)(5) -- Is not otherwise responsible.

45 CFR 74.14(b) -- When it imposes any additional requirements, the HHS awarding agency must notify the recipient in writing as to the following:

45 CFR 74.14(b)(1) -- The nature of the additional requirements;

45 CFR 74.14(b)(2) -- The reason why the additional requirements are being imposed;

45 CFR 74.14(b)(3) -- The nature of the corrective actions needed;

45 CFR 74.14(b)(4) -- The time allowed for completing the corrective actions; and

45 CFR 74.14(b)(5) -- The method for requesting reconsideration of the additional requirements imposed.

45 CFR 74.14(c) -- The HHS awarding agency will promptly remove any additional requirements once the conditions that prompted them have been corrected.

45 CFR 74.15 -- Metric system of measurement The Metric Conversion Act, as amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, 15 U.S.C. 205, declares that the metric system is the preferred measurement system for U.S. trade and commerce. The Act requires each Federal agency to establish a date or dates in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, when the metric system of measurement will be used in the agency's procurements, grants, and other business-related activities. Metric implementation may take longer where the use of the system is initially impractical or likely to cause significant inefficiencies in the accomplishment of federally-funded activities. HHS awarding agencies will follow the provisions of E.O. 12770, "Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs."

45 CFR 74.16 -- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, Section 6002 of Pub L No 94-580 (Codified at 42 USC 6962)) Under the Act, any State agency or agency of a political subdivision of a State which is using appropriated Federal funds must comply with section 6002 of the RCRA. This section requires that preference be given in procurement programs to the purchase of specific products containing recycled materials identified in guidelines developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (40 CFR parts 247-254). Accordingly, State and local institutions of higher education, hospitals, and other nonprofit organizations that receive direct HHS awards or other Federal funds shall give preference in their procurement programs funded with Federal funds to the purchase of recycled products pursuant to the EPA guidelines.

45 CFR 74.17 -- Certifications and representations Unless prohibited by statute or codified regulation, each HHS awarding agency is authorized and encouraged to allow recipients to submit certifications and representations required by statute, executive order, or regulation on an annual basis, if the recipients have ongoing and continuing relationships with the HHS awarding agency. Annual certifications and representations shall be signed by the responsible official(s) with the authority to ensure recipients' compliance with the pertinent requirements.

45 CFR 74.20 -- Purpose of financial and program management Sections 74.21 through 74.28 prescribe standards for financial management systems, methods for making payments, and rules for satisfying cost sharing and matching requirements, accounting for program income, budget revision approvals, making audits, determining allowability of cost, and establishing fund availability.

45 CFR 74.21 -- Standards for financial management systems

45 CFR 74.21(a) -- Recipients shall relate financial data to performance data and develop unit cost information whenever practical. For awards that support research, unit cost information is usually not appropriate.

45 CFR 74.21(b) -- Recipients' financial management systems shall provide for the following:

45 CFR 74.21(b)(1) -- Accurate, current and complete disclosure of the financial results of each HHS-sponsored project or program in accordance with the reporting requirements set forth in Sec. 74.52. If the HHS awarding agency requires reporting on an accrual basis from a recipient that maintains its records on other than an accrual basis, the recipient shall not be required to establish an accrual accounting system. These recipients may develop such accrual data for their reports on the basis if an analysis of the documentation on hand.

45 CFR 74.21(b)(2) -- Records that identify adequately the source and application of funds for HHS-sponsored activities. These records shall contain information pertaining to Federal awards, authorizations, obligations, unobligated balances, assets, outlays, income and interest.

45 CFR 74.21(b)(3) -- Effective control over and accountability for all funds, property and other assets. Recipients shall adequately safeguard all such assets and assure they are used solely for authorized purposes.

45 CFR 74.21(b)(4) -- Comparison of outlays with budget amounts for each award. Whenever appropriate, financial information should be related to performance and unit cost data. (Unit cost data are usually not appropriate for awards that support research.)

45 CFR 74.21(b)(5) -- Written procedures to minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds to the recipient from the U.S. Treasury and the issuance or redemption of checks, warrants or payments by other means for program purposes by the recipient. To the extent that the provisions of the Cash Management Improvement Act (CMIA) (Pub. L. 101-453) and its implementing regulations, "Rules and Procedures for Funds Transfers," (31 CFR part 205) apply, payment methods of State agencies, instrumentalities, and fiscal agents shall be consistent with CMIA Treasury-State Agreements, or the CMIA default procedures codified at 31 CFR 205.9(f).

45 CFR 74.21(b)(6) -- Written procedures for determining the reasonableness, allocability and allowability of costs in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Federal cost principles and the terms and conditions of the award.

45 CFR 74.21(b)(7) -- Accounting records, including cost accounting records, that are supported by source documentation.

45 CFR 74.21(c) -- Where the Federal Government guarantees or insures the repayment of money borrowed by the recipient, the HHS awarding agency, at its discretion, may require adequate bonding and insurance if the bonding and insurance requirements of the recipient are not deemed adequate to protect the interest of the Federal Government.

45 CFR 74.21(d) -- The HHS awarding agency may require adequate fidelity bond coverage where the recipient lacks sufficient coverage to protect the Federal Government's interest.

45 CFR 74.21(e) -- Where bonds are required in the situations described in Sec. 74.21 (c) and (d), the bonds shall be obtained from companies holding certificates of authority as acceptable sureties, as prescribed in 31 CFR part 223, "Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States."

45 CFR 74.22 -- Payment

45 CFR 74.22(a) -- Unless inconsistent with statutory program purposes, payment methods shall minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds from the U.S. Treasury and the issuance or redemption of checks, warrants, or payment by other means by the recipients. Payment methods of State agencies or instrumentalities shall be consistent with Treasury-State CMIA agreements, or the CMIA default procedures codified at 31 CFR 205.9, to the extent that either applies.

45 CFR 74.22(b) --

45 CFR 74.22(b)(1) -- Recipients will be paid in advance, provided they maintain or demonstrate the willingness to maintain:

45 CFR 74.22(b)(1)(i) -- Written procedures that minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds and disbursement by the recipient; and

45 CFR 74.22(b)(1)(ii) -- Financial management systems that meet the standards for fund control and accountability as established in Sec. 74.21.

45 CFR 74.22(b)(2) -- Unless inconsistent with statutory program purposes, cash advances to a recipient organization shall be limited to the minimum amounts needed and be timed to be in accordance with the actual, immediate cash requirements of the recipient organization in carrying out the purpose of the approved program or project. The timing and amount of cash advances shall be as close as is administratively feasible to the actual disbursements by the recipient organization for direct program or project costs and the proportionate share of any allowable indirect costs.

45 CFR 74.22(c) -- Whenever possible, advances will be consolidated to cover anticipated cash needs for all awards made by all HHS awarding agencies to the recipient.

45 CFR 74.22(c)(1) -- Advance payment mechanisms include electronic funds transfer, with Treasury checks available on an exception basis.

45 CFR 74.22(c)(2) -- Advance payment mechanisms are subject to 31 CFR part 205.

45 CFR 74.22(c)(3) -- Recipients may submit requests for advances and reimbursements at least monthly when electronic fund transfers are not used.

45 CFR 74.22(d) -- Requests for Treasury check advance payment shall be submitted on PMS-270, "Request for Advance or Reimbursement," or other forms as may be authorized by HHS. This form is not to be used when Treasury check advance payments are made to the recipient automatically through the use of a predetermined payment schedule or if precluded by special HHS-wide instructions for electronic funds transfer.

45 CFR 74.22(e) -- Reimbursement is the preferred method when the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section cannot be met. The HHS awarding agency may also use this method on any construction agreement, or if the major portion of the construction project is accomplished through private market financing or Federal loans, and the HHS assistance constitutes a minor portion of the project.

45 CFR 74.22(e)(1) -- When the reimbursement method is used, HHS will make payment within 30 days after receipt of the billing, unless the billing is improper.

45 CFR 74.22(e)(2) -- Recipients may submit a request for reimbursement at least monthly when electronic funds transfers are not used.

45 CFR 74.22(f) -- If a recipient cannot meet the criteria for advance payments and the HHS awarding agency has determined that reimbursement is not feasible because the recipient lacks sufficient working capital, HHS may provide cash on a working capital advance basis. Under this procedure, HHS advances cash to the recipient to cover its estimated disbursement needs for an initial period generally geared to the recipient's disbursing cycle. Thereafter, HHS reimburses the recipient for its actual cash disbursements. The working capital advance method of payment will not be used for recipients unwilling or unable to provide timely advances to their subrecipient to meet the subrecipient's actual cash disbursements.

45 CFR 74.22(g) -- Unless inconsistent with statutory program purposes, to the extent available, recipients shall disburse funds available from repayments to and interest earned on a revolving fund, program income, rebates, refunds, contract settlements, audit recoveries and interest earned on such funds before requesting additional cash payments.

45 CFR 74.22(h) -- Unless otherwise required by statute, the HHS awarding agency will not withhold payments for proper charges made by recipients at any time during the project period unless paragraph (h) (1) or (2) of this section applies:

45 CFR 74.22(h)(1) -- A recipient has failed to comply with the project objectives, the terms and conditions of the award, or HHS awarding agency reporting requirements.

45 CFR 74.22(h)(2) -- The recipient or subrecipient is delinquent in a debt to the United States. Under such conditions, the HHS awarding agency may, upon reasonable notice, inform the recipient that payments shall not be made for obligations incurred after a specified date until the conditions are corrected or the indebtedness to the Federal Government is liquidated. (See 45 CFR part 30).

45 CFR 74.22(i) -- Standards governing the use of banks and other institutions as depositories of funds advanced under awards are as follows:

45 CFR 74.22(i)(1) -- Except for situations described in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, HHS will not require separate depository accounts for funds provided to a recipient or establish any eligibility requirements for depositories for funds provided to a recipient. However, recipients must be able to account for the receipt, obligation and expenditure of funds.

45 CFR 74.22(i)(2) -- Advances of Federal funds shall be deposited and maintained in insured accounts whenever possible.

45 CFR 74.22(j) -- Consistent with the national goal of expanding the opportunities for women-owned and minority-owned business enterprises, recipients are encouraged to use women-owned and minority-owned banks (a bank which is owned at least 50 percent by women or minority group members).

45 CFR 74.22(k) -- Recipients shall maintain advances of Federal funds in interest bearing accounts, unless one of the following conditions apply:45 CFR 74.22(k)(1) -- The recipient receives less than $120,000 in Federal awards per year.

45 CFR 74.22(k)(2) -- The best reasonably available interest bearing account would not be expected to earn interest in excess of $250 per year on Federal cash balances.

45 CFR 74.22(k)(3) -- The depository would require an average or minimum balance so high that it would not be feasible within the expected Federal and non-Federal cash resources.

45 CFR 74.22(l) -- For those entities where CMIA and its implementing regulations do not apply (see 31 CFR part 205), interest earned on Federal advances deposited in interest bearing accounts shall be remitted annually to the Department of Health and Human Services, Payment Management System, P.O. Box 6021, Rockville, MD 20852. Recipients with Electronic Funds Transfer capability should use an electronic medium such as the FEDWIRE Deposit System. Interest amounts up to $250 per year may be retained by the recipient for administrative expense. State universities and hospitals shall comply with CMIA, as it pertains to interest. If an entity subject to CMIA uses its own funds to pay pre-award costs for discretionary awards without prior written approval from the HHS awarding agency, it waives its right to recover the interest under CMIA. (See Sec. 74.25(d)).

45 CFR 74.22(m) -- PMS-270, Request for Advance or Reimbursement. Recipients shall use the PMS-270 to request advances or reimbursement for all programs when electronic funds transfer or predetermined advance methods are not used. HHS shall not require recipients to submit more than an original and two copies.

45 CFR 74.22(n) -- Recipients and subrecipients are not required to use forms PMS-270 and 272 in connection with subaward payments.

45 CFR 74.23 -- Cost sharing or matching

45 CFR 74.23(a) -- To be accepted, all cost sharing or matching contributions, including cash and third party in-kind, shall meet all of the following criteria:

45 CFR 74.23(a)(1) -- Are verifiable from the recipient's records;

45 CFR 74.23(a)(2) -- Are not included as contributions for any other federally-assisted project or program;

45 CFR 74.23(a)(3) -- Are necessary and reasonable for proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives;

45 CFR 74.23(a)(4) -- Are allowable under the applicable cost principles;

45 CFR 74.23(a)(5) -- Are not paid by the Federal Government under another award, except where authorized by Federal statute to be used for cost sharing or matching;

45 CFR 74.23(a)(6) -- Are provided for in the approved budget; and

45 CFR 74.23(a)(7) -- Conform to other provisions of this part, as applicable.

45 CFR 74.23(b) -- Unrecovered indirect costs may be included as part of cost sharing or matching.

45 CFR 74.23(c) -- Values for recipient contributions of services and property shall be established in accordance with the applicable cost principles. If the HHS awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost sharing or matching shall be the lesser of:

45 CFR 74.23(c)(1) -- The certified value of the remaining life of the property recorded in the recipient's accounting records at the time of donation; or

45 CFR 74.23(c)(2) -- The current fair market value. However, when there is sufficient justification, the HHS awarding agency may approve the use of the current fair market value of the donated property, even if it exceeds the certified value at the time of donation to the project.

45 CFR 74.23(d) -- Volunteer services furnished by professional and technical personnel, consultants, and other skilled and unskilled labor may be counted as cost sharing or matching if the service is an integral and necessary part of an approved project or program. Rates for volunteer services shall be consistent with those paid for similar work in the recipient's organization. In those instances in which the required skills are not found in the recipient's organization, rates shall be consistent with those paid for similar work in the labor market in which the recipient competes for the kind of services involved. In either case, fringe benefits consistent with those paid that are reasonable, allowable, and allocable may be included in the valuation.

45 CFR 74.23(e) -- When an employer other than the recipient furnishes the services of an employee, these services shall be valued at the employee's regular rate of pay (plus an amount of fringe benefits that are reasonable, allowable, and allocable, but exclusive of overhead costs), provided these services are in the same skill for which the employee is normally paid.

45 CFR 74.23(f) -- Donated supplies may include such items as expendable property, office supplies, laboratory supplies or workshop and classroom supplies. Value assessed to donated supplies included in the cost sharing or matching share shall be reasonable and shall not exceed the fair market value of the property at the time of the donation.

45 CFR 74.23(g) -- The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the recipient may differ according to the purpose of the award, if paragraph (g)(1) or (2) of this section applies:

45 CFR 74.23(g)(1) -- If the purpose of the award is to assist the recipient in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching.

45 CFR 74.23(g)(2) -- If the purpose of the award is to support activities that require the use of equipment, buildings or land, normally only depreciation or use charges for equipment and buildings may be made. However, the full value of equipment or other capital assets and fair rental charges for land may be allowed, provided that the HHS awarding agency has approved the charges.

45 CFR 74.23(h) -- The value of donated property shall be determined in accordance with the usual accounting policies of the recipient, with the following qualifications.

45 CFR 74.23(h)(1) -- The value of donated land and buildings shall not exceed its fair market value at the time of donation to the recipient as established by an independent appraiser (e.g., certified real property appraiser or General Services Administration representative) and certified by a responsible official of the recipient.

45 CFR 74.23(h)(2) -- The value of donated equipment shall not exceed the fair market value of equipment of the same age and condition at the time of donation.

45 CFR 74.23(h)(3) -- The value of donated space shall not exceed the fair rental value of comparable space as established by an independent appraisal of comparable space and facilities in a privately-owned building in the same locality.

45 CFR 74.23(h)(4) -- The value of loaned equipment shall not exceed its fair rental value.

45 CFR 74.23(i) -- The following requirements pertain to the recipient's supporting records for in-kind contributions from third parties.

45 CFR 74.23(i)(1) -- Volunteer services shall be documented and, to the extent feasible, supported by the same methods used by the recipient for its own employees, including time records.

45 CFR 74.23(i)(2) -- The basis for determining the valuation for personal service, material, equipment, buildings and land shall be documented.

payments.

45 CFR 74.24 -- Program income

45 CFR 74.24(a) -- The standards set forth in this section shall be used to account for program income related to projects financed in whole or in part with Federal funds.

45 CFR 74.24(b) -- Except as provided below in paragraph (h) of this section, program income earned during the project period shall be retained by the recipient and, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the award, shall be used in one or more of the following ways:

45 CFR 74.24(b)(1) -- Added to funds committed to the project or program, and used to further eligible project or program objectives;

45 CFR 74.24(b)(2) -- Used to finance the non-Federal share of the project or program; or

45 CFR 74.24(b)(3) -- Deducted from the total project or program allowable cost in determining the net allowable costs on which the Federal share of costs is based.

45 CFR 74.24(c) -- When the HHS awarding agency authorizes the disposition of program income as described in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, program income in excess of any limits stipulated shall be used in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

45 CFR 74.24(d) -- In the event that the HHS awarding agency does not specify in the terms and conditions of the award how program income is to be used, paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall apply automatically to all projects or programs except research. For awards that support performance of research work, paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall apply automatically unless:

45 CFR 74.24(d)(1) -- The HHS awarding agency indicates in the terms and conditions of the award another alternative; or

45 CFR 74.24(d)(2) -- The recipient is subject to special award conditions under Sec. 74.14; or

45 CFR 74.24(d)(3) -- The recipient is a commercial organization (see Sec. 74.82).

45 CFR 74.24(e) -- Unless the terms and conditions of the award provide otherwise, recipients shall have no obligation to the Federal Government regarding program income earned after the end of the project period.

45 CFR 74.24(f) -- Costs incident to the generation of program income may be deducted from gross income to determine program income, provided these costs have not been charged to the award.

45 CFR 74.24(g) -- Proceeds from the sale of property shall be handled in accordance with the requirements of the Property Standards. (See Secs. 74.30 through 74.37, below).

45 CFR 74.24(h) -- The Patent and Trademark Laws Amendments, 35 U.S.C. section 200-212, apply to inventions made under an award for performance of experimental, developmental, or research work. Unless the terms and conditions for the award provide otherwise, recipients shall have no obligation to HHS with respect to program income earned from license fees and royalties for copyrighted material, patents, patent applications, trademarks, and inventions made under an award. However, no scholarship, fellowship, training grant, or other funding agreement made primarily to a recipient for educational purposes will contain any provision giving the Federal agency rights to inventions made by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.25 -- Revision of budget and program plans

45 CFR 74.25(a) -- The basis for determining the valuation for personal service, material, equipment, buildings and land shall be documented.

45 CFR 74.25(b) -- Recipients are required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and program plan revisions, in accordance with this section. Except as provided at Secs. 74.4, 74.14, and this section, HHS awarding agencies may not impose other prior approval requirements for specific items.

45 CFR 74.25(c) -- For nonconstruction awards, recipients shall obtain prior approvals from the HHS awarding agency for one or more of the following program or budget related reasons.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(1) -- Change in the scope or the objective of the project or program (even if there is no associated budget revision requiring prior written approval).

45 CFR 74.25(c)(2) -- Change in the project director or principal investigator or other key persons specified in the application or award document.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(3) -- The absence for more than three months, or a 25 percent reduction in time devoted to the project, by the approved project director or principal investigator.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(4) -- The need for additional Federal funding.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(5) -- The inclusion, unless waived by the HHS awarding agency, of costs that require prior approval in accordance with OMB Circular A-21, "Cost Principles for Educational Institutions;" OMB Circular A-122, "Cost Principles for Nonprofit Organizations;" or appendix E of this part, "Principles for Determining Costs Applicable to Research and Development under Grants and Contracts with Hospitals," or 48 CFR part 31, "Contract Cost Principles and Procedures," as applicable.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(6) -- The transfer of funds allotted for training allowances (direct payment to trainees) to other categories of expense.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(7) -- Unless described in the application and funded in the approved award, the subaward, transfer or contracting out of any work under an award. This provision does not apply to the purchase of supplies, material, equipment or general support services.

45 CFR 74.25(c)(8) -- The inclusion of research patient care costs in research awards made for the performance of research work.

45 CFR 74.25(d) -- Except for requirements listed in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(4) of this section, the HHS awarding agency is authorized, at its option, to waive cost-related and administrative prior written approvals required by this part and its appendixes. Additional waivers may be granted authorizing recipients to do any one or more of the following:

45 CFR 74.25(d)(1) -- Incur pre-award costs up to 90 calendar days prior to award, or more than 90 calendar days with the prior approval of the HHS awarding agency. However, all pre-award costs are incurred at the recipient's risk: the HHS awarding agency is under no obligation to reimburse such costs if for any reason the applicant does not receive an award or if the award to the recipient is less than anticipated and inadequate to cover such costs.

45 CFR 74.25(d)(2) -- Initiate a one-time extension of the expiration date of the award of up to 12 months unless one or more of the conditions identified at paragraphs (d)(2)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section apply. For one-time extensions, the recipient must notify the HHS awarding agency in writing, with the supporting reasons and revised expiration date, at least 10 days before the date specified in the award. This one-time extension may not be exercised either by recipients or HHS awarding agencies merely for the purpose of using unobligated balances. Such extensions are not permitted where:

45 CFR 74.25(d)(2)(i) -- The terms and conditions of award prohibit the extension; or

45 CFR 74.25(d)(2)(ii) -- The extension requires additional Federal funds; or

45 CFR 74.25(d)(2)(iii) -- The extension involves any change in the approved objectives or scope of the project.

45 CFR 74.25(d)(3) -- Carry forward unobligated balances to subsequent funding periods.

45 CFR 74.25(d)(4) -- For awards that support performance of research work, unless the HHS awarding agency provides otherwise in the award, or the award is subject to Sec. 74.14 or subpart E of this Part, the prior approval requirements described in paragraphs d) (1)-(3) of this section are automatically waived (i.e., recipients need not obtain such prior approvals). However, extension of award expiration dates must be approved by the HHS awarding agency if one of the conditions in paragraph (d)(2) of this section applies.

45 CFR 74.25(e) -- The HHS awarding agencies may not permit any budget changes in a recipient's award that would cause any Federal appropriation to be used for purposes other then those consistent with the original purpose of the authorization and appropriation under which the award was funded.

45 CFR 74.25(f) -- For construction awards, recipients shall obtain prior written approval promptly from the HHS awarding agency for budget revisions whenever:

45 CFR 74.25(f)(1) -- The revision results from changes in the scope or the objective of the project or program;

45 CFR 74.25(f)(2) -- The need arises for additional Federal funds to complete the project; or

45 CFR 74.25(f)(3) -- A revision is desired which involves specific costs for which prior written approval requirements apply in keeping with the applicable cost principles listed in Sec. 74.27.

45 CFR 74.25(g) -- When an HHS awarding agency makes an award that provides support for both construction and nonconstruction work, it may require the recipient to obtain prior approval before making any fund or budget transfers between the two types of work supported.

45 CFR 74.25(h) -- For both construction and nonconstruction awards, recipients shall notify the HHS awarding agency in writing promptly whenever the amount of Federal authorized funds is expected to exceed the needs of the recipient for the project period by more than $5000 or five percent of the Federal award, whichever is greater. This notification shall not be required if an application for additional funding is submitted for a continuation award.

45 CFR 74.25(i) -- Within 30 calendar days from the date of receipt of the request for budget revisions, HHS awarding agencies shall notify the recipient whether its requested budget revisions have been approved. If the requested revision is still under consideration at the end of 30 calendar days, the HHS awarding agency must inform the recipient in writing of the date when the recipient may expect a decision.

45 CFR 74.25(j) -- When requesting approval for budget changes, recipients shall make their requests in writing.

45 CFR 74.25(k) -- All approvals granted in keeping with the provisions of this section shall not be valid unless they are in writing, and signed by at least one of the following HHS officials:

45 CFR 74.25(k)(1) -- The Head of the HHS Operating or Staff Division that made the award or subordinate official with proper delegated authority from the Head, including the Head of the Regional Office of the HHS Operating or Staff Division that made the award; or

45 CFR 74.25(k)(2) -- The responsible Grants Officer of the HHS Operating or Staff Division that made the award or an individual duly authorized by the Grants Officer.

45 CFR 74.25(l) -- No other prior approval requirements for specific items may be imposed unless a class deviation has been approved by OMB.

45 CFR 74.26 -- Non-federal audits

45 CFR 74.26(a) -- Recipients and subrecipients that are institutions of higher education or other non-profit organizations (including hospitals) shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations."

45 CFR 74.26(b) -- State and local governments shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit organizations."

45 CFR 74.26(c) -- For-profit hospitals not covered by the audit provisions of revised OMB Circular A-133 shall be subject to the audit requirements of the Federal awarding agencies.

45 CFR 74.26(d) --

45 CFR 74.26(d)(1) -- Recipients and subrecipients that are commercial organizations (including for-profit hospitals) have two options regarding audits:

45 CFR 74.26(d)(1)(i) -- A financial related audit (as defined in the Government Auditing Standards, GPO Stock #020-000-00-265-4) of a particular award in accordance with Government Auditing Standards, in those cases where the recipient receives awards under only one HHS program; or, if awards are received under multiple HHS programs, a financial related audit of all HHS awards in accordance with Government Auditing Standards; or

45 CFR 74.26(d)(1)(ii) -- An audit that meets the requirements contained in OMB Circular A-133.

45 CFR 74.26(d)(2) -- Commercial organizations that receive annual HHS awards totaling less than OMB Circular A-133's audit requirement threshold are exempt from requirements for a non-Federal audit for that year, but records must be available for review by appropriate officials of Federal agencies.

45 CFR 74.27 -- Allowable costs

45 CFR 74.27(a) -- For each kind of recipient, there is a particular set of Federal principles that applies in determining allowable costs. Allowability of costs shall be determined in accordance with the cost principles applicable to the entity incurring the costs. Thus, allowability of costs incurred by State, local or federally-recognized Indian tribal governments is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-87, "Cost Principles for State and Local Governments." The allowability of costs incurred by nonprofit organizations (except for those listed in Attachment C of Circular A-122) is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-122, "Cost Principles for Nonprofit Organizations" and paragraph (b) of this section. The allowability of costs incurred by institutions of higher education is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-21, "Cost Principles for Educational Institutions." The allowability of costs incurred by hospitals is determined in accordance with the provisions of appendix E of this part, "Principles for Determining Costs Applicable to Research and Development Under Grants and Contracts with Hospitals." The allowability of costs incurred by commercial organizations and those nonprofit organizations listed in Attachment C to Circular A-122 is determined in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) at 48 CFR part 31, except that independent research and development costs are unallowable.

45 CFR 74.27(b) -- OMB Circular A-122 does not cover the treatment of bid and proposal costs or independent research and development costs. The following rules apply to these costs for nonprofit organizations subject to that Circular.

45 CFR 74.27(b)(1) -- Bid and proposal costs. Bid and proposal costs are the immediate costs of preparing bids, proposals, and applications for Federal and non-Federal awards, contracts, and other agreements, including the development of scientific, cost, and other data needed to support the bids, proposals, and applications. Bid and proposal costs of the current accounting period are allowable as indirect costs. Bid and proposal costs of past accounting periods are unallowable in the current period. However, if the recipient's established practice is to treat these costs by some other method, they may be accepted if they are found to be reasonable and equitable. Bid and proposal costs do not include independent research and development costs covered by paragraph (b)(2) of this section, or pre-award costs covered by OMB Circular A-122, Attachment B, paragraph 33 and Sec. 74.25(d)(1).

45 CFR 74.27(b)(2) -- Independent Research and Development costs. Independent research and development is research and development which is conducted by an organization, and which is not sponsored by Federal or non-Federal awards, contracts, or other agreements. Independent research and development shall be allocated its proportionate share of indirect costs on the same basis as the allocation of indirect costs to sponsored research and development. The cost of independent research and development, including their proportionate share of indirect costs, are unallowable.

45 CFR 74.28 -- Period of availability of funds Where a funding period is specified, a recipient may charge to the award only allowable costs resulting from obligations incurred during the funding period and any pre-award costs authorized by the HHS awarding agency pursuant to Sec. 74.25(d)(1).

45 CFR 74.30 -- Purpose of property standards Sections 74.31 through 74.37 set forth uniform standards governing management and disposition of property furnished by HHS or whose cost was charged directly to a project supported by an HHS award. The HHS awarding agency may not impose additional requirements, unless specifically required to do so by Federal statute. The recipient may use its own property management standards and procedures provided they meet the provisions of Secs. 74.31 through 74.37.

45 CFR 74.31 -- Insurance coverage Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for real property and equipment acquired with HHS funds as provided to other property owned by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.32 -- Real property

45 CFR 74.32(a) -- Title to real property shall vest in the recipient subject to the condition that the recipient shall use the real property for the authorized purpose of the project as long as it is needed and shall not encumber the property without approval of the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.32(b) -- The recipient shall obtain written approval from the HHS awarding agency for the use of real property in other federally-sponsored projects when the recipient determines that the property is no longer needed for the purpose of the original project. Use in other projects shall be limited to those under federally-sponsored projects (i.e., awards) or programs that have purposes consistent with those authorized for support by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.32(c) -- When the real property is no longer needed as provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the recipient shall request disposition instructions from the HHS awarding agency or its successor. The HHS awarding agency must provide one or more of the following disposition instructions:

45 CFR 74.32(c)(1) -- The recipient may be permitted to retain title without further obligation to the Federal Government after it compensates the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal share in the project.

45 CFR 74.32(c)(2) -- The recipient may be directed to sell the property under guidelines provided by the HHS awarding agency and pay the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal share in the project (after deducting actual and reasonable selling and fix-up expenses, if any, from the sales proceeds). When the recipient is authorized or required to sell the property, proper sales procedures shall be established that provide for competition to the extent practicable and result in the highest possible return.

45 CFR 74.32(c)(3) -- The recipient may be directed to transfer title to the property to the Federal Government or to an eligible third party provided that, in such cases, the recipient shall be entitled to compensation for its attributable percentage of the current fair market value of the property.

45 CFR 74.33 -- Federally-owned and exempt property

45 CFR 74.33(a) --

45 CFR 74.33(a)(1) -- Title of federally-owned property remains vested in the Federal Government. Recipients shall submit annually an inventory listing of federally-owned property in their custody to the HHS awarding agency. Upon completion of the award or when the property is no longer needed, the recipient shall report the property to the HHS awarding agency for further agency utilization.

45 CFR 74.33(a)(2) -- If the HHS awarding agency has no further need for the property, it shall be declared excess and reported to the General Services Administration, unless the HHS awarding agency has statutory authority to dispose of the property by alternative methods (e.g., the authority provided by the Federal Technology Transfer Act, 15 U.S.C. 3710(I), to donate research equipment to educational and nonprofit organizations in accordance with E.O. 12821, "Improving Mathematics and Science Education in Support of the National Education Goals"). Appropriate instructions shall be issued to the recipient by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.33(b) -- For research awards to certain types of recipients, 31 U.S.C. 6306 authorizes HHS to vest title to property acquired with Federal funds in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal government and under conditions that HHS considers appropriate. Such property is "exempt property". Exempt property shall not be subject to the requirements of Sec. 74.34, except that it shall be subject to paragraphs (h)(1), (2), and (4) of that section concerning the HHS awarding agency's right to require transfer.

45 CFR 74.34 -- Equipment

45 CFR 74.34(a) -- Title to equipment acquired by a recipient with HHS funds shall vest in the recipient, subject to the conditions of this section.

45 CFR 74.34(b) --

45 CFR 74.34(b)(1) -- The recipient shall not use equipment acquired with HHS funds to provide services to non-Federal organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically authorized by Federal statute, for so long as the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment.

45 CFR 74.34(b)(2) -- If the equipment is owned by the Federal Government, use on other activities not sponsored by the Federal Government shall be permissible if authorized by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.34(b)(3) -- User charges shall be treated as program income, in keeping with the provisions of Sec. 74.24.

45 CFR 74.34(c) -- The recipient shall use the equipment in the project or program for which it was acquired as long as needed, whether or not the project or program continues to be supported by Federal funds and shall not encumber the property without approval of the HHS awarding agency. When no longer needed for the original project or program, the recipient shall use the equipment in connection with its other federally-sponsored activities, if any, in the following order of priority:

45 CFR 74.34(c)(1) -- Programs, projects, or activities sponsored by the HHS awarding agency;

45 CFR 74.34(c)(2) -- Programs, projects, or activities sponsored by other HHS awarding agencies; then

45 CFR 74.34(c)(3) -- Programs, project, or activities sponsored by other Federal agencies.

45 CFR 74.34(d) -- During the time that equipment is used on the program, project, or activity for which it was acquired, the recipient shall make it available for use on other projects or programs if such other use will not interfere with the work on the program, project, or activity for which the equipment was originally acquired. First preference for such other use shall be given to other programs, projects, or activities sponsored by the HHS awarding agency. Second preference shall be given to programs, projects, or activities sponsored by other HHS awarding agencies. Third preference shall be given to programs, projects, or activities sponsored by other Federal agencies.

45 CFR 74.34(e) -- When acquiring replacement equipment, the recipient may use the equipment to be replaced as trade-in or sell the equipment and use the proceeds to offset the costs of the replacement equipment subject to the approval of the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.34(f) -- The recipient's property management standards for equipment acquired with Federal funds and federally-owned equipment shall include all of the following:

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1) -- Equipment records shall be maintained accurately and shall include the following information:

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(i) -- A description of the equipment;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(ii) -- Manufacturer's serial number, model number, Federal stock number, national stock number, or other identification number;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(iii) -- Source of the equipment, including the award number;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(iv) -- Whether title vests in the recipient or the Federal Government;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(v) -- Acquisition date (or date received, if the equipment was furnished by the Federal Government) and cost;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(vi) -- Information from which one can calculate the percentage of HHS's share in the cost of the equipment (not applicable to equipment furnished by the Federal Government);

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(vii) -- Location and condition of the equipment and the date the information was reported;

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(viii) -- Unit acquisition cost; and

45 CFR 74.34(f)(1)(ix) -- Ultimate disposition data, including date of disposal and sales price or the method used to determine current fair market value where a recipient compensates the HHS awarding agency for its share.

45 CFR 74.34(f)(2) -- Equipment owned by the Federal Government shall be identified to indicate Federal ownership.

45 CFR 74.34(f)(3) -- The recipient shall take a physical inventory of equipment and the results reconciled with the equipment records at least once every two years. Any differences between quantities determined by the physical inspection and those shown in the accounting records shall be investigated to determine the causes of the difference. The recipient shall, in connection with the inventory, verify the existence, current utilization, and continued need for the equipment.

45 CFR 74.34(f)(4) -- The recipient shall maintain a control system to insure adequate safeguards to prevent loss, damage, or theft of the equipment. Any loss, damage, or theft of equipment shall be investigated and fully documented; if the equipment was owned by the Federal Government, the recipient shall promptly notify the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.34(f)(5) -- The recipient shall implement adequate maintenance procedures to keep the equipment in good condition.

45 CFR 74.34(f)(6) -- Where the recipient is authorized or required to sell the equipment, proper sales procedures shall be established which provide for competition to the extent practicable and result in the highest possible return.

45 CFR 74.34(g) -- When the recipient no longer needs the equipment, it may use the equipment for other activities in accordance with the following standards. For equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5000 or more, the recipient may retain the equipment for other uses provided that compensation is made to the original HHS awarding agency or its successor. The amount of compensation shall be computed by applying the percentage of HHS's share in the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment. If the recipient has no need for the equipment, the recipient shall request disposition instructions from the HHS awarding agency; such instructions must be issued to the recipient no later than 120 calendar days after the recipient's request and the following procedures shall govern:

45 CFR 74.34(g)(1) -- If so instructed or if disposition instructions are not issued within 120 calendar days after the recipient's request, the recipient shall sell the equipment and reimburse the HHS awarding agency an amount computed by applying to the sales proceeds the percentage of HHS share in the cost of the original project or program. However, the recipient shall be permitted to deduct and retain from the HHS share $500 or ten percent of the proceeds, whichever is less, for the recipient's selling and handling expenses.

45 CFR 74.34(g)(2) -- If the recipient is instructed to ship the equipment elsewhere, the recipient shall be reimbursed by the HHS awarding agency by an amount which is computed by applying the percentage of the recipient's share in the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment, plus any reasonable shipping or interim storage costs incurred.

45 CFR 74.34(g)(3) -- If the recipient is instructed to otherwise dispose of the equipment, the recipient will be reimbursed by the HHS awarding agency for such costs incurred in its disposition.

45 CFR 74.34(g)(4) -- If the recipient's project or program for which or under which the equipment was acquired is still receiving support from the same HHS program, and if the HHS awarding agency approves, the net amount due may be used for allowable costs of that project or program. Otherwise the net amount must be remitted to the HHS awarding agency by check.

45 CFR 74.34(h) -- The HHS awarding agency reserves the right to order the transfer of title to the Federal Government or to a third party named by the awarding agency when such third party is otherwise eligible under existing statutes. Such transfer shall be subject to the following standards:

45 CFR 74.34(h)(1) -- The equipment shall be appropriately identified in the award or otherwise made known to the recipient in writing.

45 CFR 74.34(h)(2) -- The HHS awarding agency may require submission of a final inventory that lists all equipment acquired with HHS funds and federally-owned equipment.

45 CFR 74.34(h)(3) -- If the HHS awarding agency fails to issue disposition instructions within 120 calendar days after receipt of the inventory, the recipient shall apply the standards of paragraph (g)(1) of this section as appropriate.

45 CFR 74.34(h)(4) -- When the HHS awarding agency exercises its right to order the transfer of title to the Federal Government, the equipment shall be subject to the rules for federally-owned equipment. (See Sec. 74.34(g).

45 CFR 74.35 -- Supplies

45 CFR 74.35(a) -- Title to supplies shall vest in the recipient upon acquisition. If there is a residual inventory of unused supplies exceeding $5000 in total aggregate value upon termination or completion of the project or program and the supplies are not needed for any other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-federally sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either case, compensate the Federal Government for its share. The amount of compensation shall be computed in the same manner as for equipment. (See Sec. 74.34(g)).

45 CFR 74.35(b) --

45 CFR 74.35(b)(1) -- The recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically authorized by Federal statute as long as the Federal Government retains an interest in the supplies.

45 CFR 74.35(b)(2) -- If the supplies are owned by the Federal Government, use on other activities not sponsored by the Federal Government shall be permissible if authorized by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.35(b)(3) -- User charges shall be treated as program income, in keeping with the provisions of Sec. 74.24.

Sec. 74.34(g).

45 CFR 74.36 -- Intangible property

45 CFR 74.36(a) -- The recipient may copyright any work that is subject to copyright and was developed, or for which ownership was purchased, under an award. The HHS awarding agency reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the work for Federal purposes, and to authorize others to do so.

45 CFR 74.36(b) -- Recipients are subject to applicable regulations governing patents and inventions, including government-wide regulations issued by the Department of Commerce at 37 CFR part 401, "Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofit Organizations and Small Business Firms Under Government Grants, Contracts and Cooperative Agreements."

45 CFR 74.36(c) -- The Federal Government has the right to:

45 CFR 74.36(c)(1) -- Obtain, reproduce, publish or otherwise use the data first produced under an award; and

45 CFR 74.36(c)(2) -- Authorize others to receive, reproduce, publish, or otherwise use such data for Federal purposes.

45 CFR 74.36(d) --

45 CFR 74.36(d)(1) -- In addition, in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for research data relating to published research findings produced under an award there were used by the Federal Government in developing an agency action that has the force and effect of law, the HHS Awarding Agency shall request, and the recipient shall provide, within a reasonable time, the reserach data so that they can be made available to the public through the procedures established under the FOIA. If the HHS Awarding Agency obtains the research data solely in response to a FOIA request, the agency may charge the requester a reasonable fee equaling the full incremental cost of obtaining the research data. This fee should reflect costs incurred by the agency, the recipient, and applicable subrecipients. This fee is in addition to any fees the agency may assess under the FOIA (5 U.S.C. 552(a)(4)(A)).

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2) -- The following definitions apply for purposes of this paragraph (d):

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(i) -- Research data is defined as the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings, but not any of the following: preliminary analyses, drafts of scientific papers, plans for future research, peer reviews, or communications with colleagues. This "recorded" material excludes physical objects (e.g., laboratory samples). Research data also does not include:

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(i)(A) -- Trade secrets, commerical information, materials necessary to be held confidential by a researcher until they are published, or similar information which is protected under law; and

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(i)(B) -- Personnel and medical information and similar information the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, such as information that could be used to identify a particular person in a research study.

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(ii) -- Published is defined as either when:

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(ii)(A) -- Research findings are published in a peer-reviewed scientific or technical journal; or

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(ii)(B) -- A Federal agency publicly and officially cites the research findings in support of an agency action that has the force and effect of law.

45 CFR 74.36(d)(2)(iii) -- Used by the Federal Government in developing an agency action that has the force and effect of law is defined as when an agency publicly and officially cites the research findings in support of an agency action that has the force and effect of law.

45 CFR 74.36(d)(3) -- The requirements set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of this section do not apply to commercial organizations.

45 CFR 74.36(e) -- Title to intangible property and debt instruments purchased or otherwise acquired under an award or subaward vests upon acquisition in the recipient. The recipient shall use that property for the originally--authorized purpose, and the recipient shall not encumber the property without approval of the HHS awarding agency. When no longer needed for the originally authorized purpose, disposition of the intangible property shall occur in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 74.34 (g) and (h).

45 CFR 74.37 -- Property trust relationship Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipients as trustee for the beneficiaries of the project or program under which the property was acquired or improved, and shall not be encumbered without the approval of the HHS awarding agency. Recipients shall record liens or other appropriate notices of record to indicate that real property has been acquired or constructed or, where applicable, improved with Federal funds, and that use and disposition conditions apply to the property.

45 CFR 74.40 -- Procurement standards Sections 74.41 through 74.48 set forth standards for use by recipients in establishing procedures for the procurement of supplies and other expendable property, equipment, real property and other services with Federal funds. These standards are established to ensure that such materials and services are obtained in an effective manner and in compliance with the provisions of applicable Federal statutes and executive orders. The standards apply where the cost of the procurement is treated as a direct cost of an award.

45 CFR 74.41 -- Recipient responsibilities The standards contained in this section do not relieve the recipients of the contractual responsibilities arising under its contract(s). The recipient is the responsible authority, without recourse to the HHS awarding agency, regarding the settlement and satisfaction of all contractual and administrative issues arising out of procurements entered into in support of an award or other agreement. This includes disputes, claims, protests of award, source evaluation or other matters of a contractual nature. Matters concerning violation of statute are to be referred to such Federal, State or local authority as may have proper jurisdiction.

45 CFR 74.42 -- Codes of conduct The recipient shall maintain written standards of conduct governing the performance of its employees engaged in the award and administration of contracts. No employee, officer, or agent shall participate in the selection, award, or administration of a contract supported by Federal funds if a real or apparent conflict of interest would be involved. Such a conflict would arise when the employee, officer, or agent, or any member of his or her immediate fmily, his or her partner, or an organization which employs or is about to employ any of the parties indicated herein, has a financial or other interest in the firm selected for an award. The officers, employees, and agents of the recipient shall neither solicit nor accept gratuities, favors, or anything of monetary value from contractors, or parties to subagreements. However, recipients may set standards for situations in which the financial interest is not substantial or the gift is an unsolicited item of nominal value. The standards of conduct shall provide for disciplinary actions to be applied for violations of such standards by officers, employers, or agents of the recipients.

45 CFR 74.43 -- Competition All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent practical, open and free competition. The recipient shall be alert to organizational conflicts of interest as well as noncompetitive practices among contractors that may restrict or eliminate competition or otherwise restrain trade. In order to ensure objective contractor performance and eliminate unfair competitive advantage, contractors that develop or draft grant applications, or contract specifications, requirements, statements of work, invitations for bids and/or requests for proposals shall be excluded from competing for such procurements. Awards shall be made to the bidder or offeror whose bid or offer is responsive to the solicitation and is most advantageous to the recipient, price, quality and other factors considered. Solicitations shall clearly set forth all requirements that the bidder or offeror shall fulfill in order for the bid or offer to be evaluated by the recipient. Any and all bids or offers may be rejected when it is in the recipient's interest to do so.

45 CFR 74.44 -- Procurement procedures

45 CFR 74.44(a) -- All recipients shall establish written procurement procedures. These procedures shall provide for, at a minimum, that:

45 CFR 74.44(a)(1) -- Recipients avoid purchasing unnecessary items;

45 CFR 74.44(a)(2) -- Where appropriate, an analysis is made of lease and purchase alternatives to determine which would be the most economical and practical procurement for the recipient and the Federal Government; and

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3) -- Solicitations for goods and services provide for all of the following:

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(i) -- A clear and accurate description of the technical requirements for the material, product or service to be procured. In competitive procurements, such a description shall not contain features which unduly restrict competition.

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(ii) -- Requirements which the bidder/offeror must fulfill and all other factors to be used in evaluating bids or proposals.

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(iii) -- A description, whenever practicable, of technical requirements in terms of functions to be performed or performance required, including the range of acceptable characteristics or minimum acceptable standards.

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(iv) -- The specific features of "brand name or equal" descriptions that bidders are required to meet when such items are included in the solicitation.

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(v) -- The acceptance, to the extent practicable and economically feasible, of products and services dimensioned in the metric system of measurement.

45 CFR 74.44(a)(3)(vi) -- Preference, to the extent practicable and economically feasible, for products and services that conserve natural resources and protect the environment and are energy efficient.

45 CFR 74.44(b) -- Positive efforts shall be made by recipients to utilize small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises, whenever possible. Recipients of HHS awards shall take all of the following steps to further this goal.

45 CFR 74.44(b)(1) -- Ensure that small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises are used to the fullest extent practicable.

45 CFR 74.44(b)(2) -- Make information on forthcoming opportunities available and arrange time frames for purchases and contracts to encourage and facilitate participation by small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises.

45 CFR 74.44(b)(3) -- Consider in the contract process whether firms competing for larger contracts intend to subcontract with small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises.

45 CFR 74.44(b)(4) -- Encourage contracting with consortiums of small businesses, minority-owned firms and women's business enterprises when a contract is too large for one of these firms to handle individually.

45 CFR 74.44(b)(5) -- Use the services and assistance, as appropriate, of such organizations as the Small Business Administration and the Department of Commerce's Minority Business Development Agency in the solicitation and utilization of small businesses, minority-owned firms and women's business enterprises.

45 CFR 74.44(c) -- The type of procuring instruments used (e.g., fixed price contracts, cost reimbursable contracts, purchase orders, and incentive contracts) shall be determined by the recipient but shall be appropriate for the particular procurement and for promoting the best interest of the program or project involved. The "cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost" or "percentage of construction cost" methods of contracting shall not be used.

45 CFR 74.44(d) -- Contracts shall be made only with responsible contractors who possess the potential ability to perform successfully under the terms and conditions of the proposed procurement. Consideration shall be given to such matters as contractor integrity, record of past performance, financial and technical resources or accessibility to other necessary resources. In certain circumstances, contracts with certain parties are restricted by agencies' implementation of E.O.s 12549 and 12689, "Debarment and Suspension." (See 45 CFR part 76.)

45 CFR 74.44(e) -- Recipients shall, on request, make available for the HHS awarding agency, pre-award review, procurement documents such as requests for proposals or invitations for bids, independent cost estimates, etc., when any of the following conditions apply:

45 CFR 74.44(e)(1) -- A recipient's procurement procedures or operation fails to comply with the procurement standards in this Part.

45 CFR 74.44(e)(2) -- The procurement is expected to exceed the simplified acquisition threshold fixed at 41 U.S.C. 403(11) (currently $100,000) and is to be awarded without competition or only one bid or offer is received in response to a solicitation.

45 CFR 74.44(e)(3) -- The procurement, which is expected to exceed the simplified acquisition threshold specifies a "brand name" product.

45 CFR 74.44(e)(4) -- The proposed award over the simplified acquisition threshold is to be awarded to other than the apparent low bidder under a sealed bid procurement.

45 CFR 74.44(e)(5) -- A proposed contract modification changes the scope of a contract or increases the contract amount by more than the amount of the simplified acquisition threshold.

45 CFR 74.45 -- Cost and price analysis Some form of cost or price analysis shall be made and documented in the procurement files in connection with every procurement action. Price analysis may be accomplished in various ways, including the comparison of price quotations submitted, market prices and similar indicia, together with discounts. Cost analysis is the review and evaluation of each element of cost to determine reasonableness, allocability and allowability.

45 CFR 74.46 -- Procurement records Procurement records and files for purchases in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold shall include the following at a minimum: (a) Basis for contractor selection, (b) justification for lack of competition when competitive bids or offers are not obtained, and (c) basis for award cost or price.

45 CFR 74.47 -- Contract administration A system for contract administration shall be maintained to ensure contractor conformance with the terms, conditions and specifications of the contract and to ensure adequate and timely follow up of all purchases. Recipients shall evaluate contractor performance and document, as appropriate, whether contractors have met the terms, conditions and specifications of the contract.

45 CFR 74.48 -- Contract provisions The recipient shall include, in addition to provisions to define a sound and complete agreement, the following provisions in all contracts. The following provisions shall also be applied to subcontracts:

45 CFR 74.48(a) -- Contracts in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold shall contain contractual provisions or conditions that allow for administrative, contractual, or legal remedies in instances in which a contractor violates or breaches the contract terms, and provide for such remedial actions as may be appropriate.

45 CFR 74.48(b) -- All contracts in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold (currently $100,000) shall contain suitable provisions for termination by the recipient, including the manner by which termination shall be effected and the basis for settlement. In addition, such contracts shall describe conditions under which the contract may be terminated for default as well as conditions where the contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor.

45 CFR 74.48(c) -- Except as otherwise required by statute, an award that requires the contracting (or subcontracting) for construction or facility improvements shall provide for the recipient to follow its own requirements relating to bid guarantees, performance bonds, and payment bonds unless the construction contract or subcontract exceeds $100,000. For those contracts or subcontracts exceeding $100,000, the HHS awarding agency may accept the bonding policy and requirements of the recipient, provided the HHS awarding agency has made a determination that the Federal Government's interest is adequately protected. If such a determination has not been made, the minimum requirements shall be as follows:

45 CFR 74.48(c)(1) -- A bid guarantee from each bidder equivalent to five percent of the bid price. The "bid guarantee" shall consist of a firm commitment such as a bid bond, certified check, or other negotiable instrument accompanying a bid as assurance that the bidder shall, upon acceptance of his bid, execute such contractual documents as may be required within the time specified.

45 CFR 74.48(c)(2) -- A performance bond on the part of the contractor for 100 percent of the contract price. A "performance bond" is one executed in connection with a contract to secure fulfillment of all the contractor's obligations under such contract.

45 CFR 74.48(c)(3) -- A payment bond on the part of the contractor for 100 percent of the contract price. A "payment bond" is one executed in connection with a contract to assure payment as required by statute of all persons supplying labor and material in the execution of the work provided for in the contract.

45 CFR 74.48(c)(4) -- Where bonds are required in the situations described herein, the bonds shall be obtained from companies holding certificates of authority as acceptable sureties pursuant to 31 CFR part 223, "Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States."

45 CFR 74.48(d) -- All negotiated contracts (except those for less than the simplified acquisition threshold) awarded by recipients shall include a provision to the effect that the recipient, the HHS awarding agency, the U.S. Comptroller General, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have access to any books, documents, papers and records of the contractor which are directly pertinent to a specific program for the purpose of making audits, examinations, excerpts and transcriptions.

45 CFR 74.48(e) -- All contracts, including small purchases, awarded by recipients and their contractors shall contain the procurement provisions of appendix A to this part, is applicable.

45 CFR 74.50 -- Reports and records Sections 74.51 through 74.53 set forth the procedures for monitoring and reporting on the recipient's financial and program performance and the necessary standard reporting forms. They also set forth record retention requirements.

45 CFR 74.51 -- Monitoring and reporting program performance

45 CFR 74.51(a) -- Recipients are responsible for managing and monitoring each project, program, subaward, function or activity supported by the award. Recipients shall monitor subawards to ensure that subrecipients have met the audit requirements as set forth in Sec. 74.26.

45 CFR 74.51(b) -- The HHS awarding agency will prescribe the frequency with which the performance reports shall be submitted. Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, performance reports will not be required more frequently than quarterly or, less frequently than annually. Annual reports shall be due 90 calendar days after the award year; quarterly or semi-annual reports shall be due 30 days after the reporting period. The HHS awarding agency may require annual reports before the anniversary dates of multiple year awards in lieu of these requirements. The final performance reports are due 90 calendar days after the expiration or termination of the award.

45 CFR 74.51(c) -- If inappropriate, a final technical or performance report will not be required after completion of the project.

45 CFR 74.51(d) -- Performance reports shall generally contain, for each award, brief information on each of the following:

45 CFR 74.51(d)(1) -- A comparison of actual accomplishments with the goals and objectives established for the period, the findings of the investigator, or both. Whenever appropriate and the output of programs or projects can be readily quantified, such quantitative data should be related to cost data for computation of unit costs.

45 CFR 74.51(d)(2) -- Reasons why established goals were not met, if appropriate.

45 CFR 74.51(d)(3) -- Other pertinent information including, when appropriate, analysis and explanation of cost overruns or high unit costs.

45 CFR 74.51(e) -- Recipients shall submit the original and two copies of performance reports.

45 CFR 74.51(f) -- Recipients shall immediately notify the HHS awarding agency of developments that have a significant impact on the award-supported activities. Also, notification shall be given in the case of problems, delays, or adverse conditions which materially impair the ability to meet the objectives of the award. This notification shall include a statement of the action taken or contemplated, and any assistance needed to resolve the situation.

45 CFR 74.51(g) -- HHS may make site visits, as needed.

45 CFR 74.51(h) -- The HHS awarding agency complies with the applicable report clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320, "Controlling Paperwork Burdens on the Public," when requesting performance data from recipients

45 CFR 74.52 -- Financial reporting

45 CFR 74.52(a) -- The following forms are used for obtaining financial information from recipients:

45 CFR 74.52(a)(1) -- SF-269 or SF-269A, Financial Status Report.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(1)(i) -- The HHS awarding agency will require recipients to use either the SF-269 (long form) or SF-269A to report the status of funds for all nonconstruction projects or programs. The SF-269 shall always be used if income has been earned. The awarding agency may, however, waive the SF-269 or SF-269A requirement when the PMS-270, Request for Advance or Reimbursement, or PMS-272, Report of Federal Cash Transactions, will provide adequate information to meet its needs, except that a final SF-269 or SF-269A shall be required at the completion of the project when the PMS-270 is used only for advances.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(1)(ii) -- If the HHS awarding agency requires accrual information and the recipient's accounting records are not normally kept on the accrual basis, the recipient shall not be required to convert its accounting system, but shall develop such accrual information through best estimates based on an analysis of the documentation on hand.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(1)(iii) -- The HHS awarding agency will determine the frequency of the Financial Status Report for each project or program, considering the size and complexity of the particular project or program. However, the report will not be required more frequently than quarterly or less frequently than annually except under Sec. 74.14. A final report shall be required at the completion of the agreement.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(1)(iv) -- Recipients shall submit the SF-269 and SF-269A (an original and two copies) no later than 30 days after the end of each specified reporting period for quarterly and semi-annual reports, and 90 calendar days for annual and final reports. Extensions of reporting due dates may be approved by the HHS awarding agency upon request of the recipient.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(2) -- PMS-272, Report of Federal Cash Transactions.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(2)(i) -- When funds are advanced to recipients, the HHS awarding agency requires each recipient to submit the PMS-272 and, when necessary, its continuation sheet, PMS-272A through G. The HHS awarding agency uses this report to monitor cash advanced to recipients and to obtain disbursement information for each agreement with the recipients.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(2)(ii) -- The HHS awarding agency may require forecasts of Federal cash requirements in the "Remarks" section of the report.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(2)(iii) -- Recipients shall submit the original and two copies of the PMS-272 15 calendar days following the end of each quarter. The HHS awarding agency may require a monthly report from those recipients receiving advances totaling $1 million or more per year.

45 CFR 74.52(a)(2)(iv) -- The HHS awarding agency may waive the requirement for submission of the PMS-272 for any one of the following reasons: (A) When monthly advances do not exceed $25,000 per recipient, provided that such advances are monitored through other forms contained in this section; (B) If, in HHS' opinion, the recipient's accounting controls are adequate to minimize excessive Federal advances; or, (C) When the electronic payment mechanisms provide adequate data.

45 CFR 74.52(b) -- When the HHS awarding agency needs additional information or more frequent reports, the following shall be observed.

45 CFR 74.52(b)(1) -- When additional information is needed to comply with legislative requirements, the HHS awarding agency will issue instructions to require recipients to submit that information under the "Remarks" section of the reports.

45 CFR 74.52(b)(2) -- When HHS determines that a recipient's accounting system does not meet the standards in Sec. 74.21, additional pertinent information to further monitor awards may be obtained, without regard to Sec. 74.4, upon written notice to the recipient until such time as the system is brought up to standard. In obtaining this information, the HHS awarding agencies comply with report clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320, "Controlling Paperwork Burdens on the Public."

45 CFR 74.52(b)(3) -- The HHS awarding agency may accept the identical information from a recipient in machine readable format or computer printouts or electronic outputs in lieu of prescribed formats.

45 CFR 74.52(b)(4) -- The HHS awarding agency may provide computer or electronic outputs to recipients when such action expedites or contributes to the accuracy of reporting.

45 CFR 74.53 -- Retention and access requirements for records

45 CFR 74.53(a) -- This section sets forth requirements for record retention and access to records for awards to recipients.

45 CFR 74.53(b) -- Financial records, supporting documents, statistical records, and all other records pertinent to an award shall be retained for a period of three years from the date of submission of the final expenditure report or, for awards that are renewed quarterly or annually, from the date of the submission of the quarterly or annual financial report. The only exceptions are the following:

45 CFR 74.53(b)(1) -- If any litigation, claim, financial management review, or audit is started before the expiration of the 3-year period, the records shall be retained until all litigation, claims or audit findings involving the records have been resolved and final action taken.

45 CFR 74.53(b)(2) -- Records for real property and equipment acquired with Federal funds shall be retained for 3 years after final disposition.

45 CFR 74.53(b)(3) -- When records are transferred to or maintained by the HHS awarding agency, the 3-year retention requirement is not applicable to the recipient.

45 CFR 74.53(b)(4) -- Indirect cost rate proposals, cost allocations plans, etc., as specified in Sec. 74.53(g).

45 CFR 74.53(c) -- Copies of original records may be substituted for the original records if authorized by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.53(d) -- The HHS awarding agency will request transfer of certain records to its custody from recipients when it determines that the records possess long term retention value. However, in order to avoid duplicate recordkeeping, the HHS awarding agency may make arrangements for recipients to retain any records that are continuously needed for joint use.

45 CFR 74.53(e) -- HHS awarding agencies, the HHS Inspector General, the U.S. Comptroller General, or any of their duly authorized representatives, have the right of timely and unrestricted access to any books, documents, papers, or other records of recipients that are pertinent to the awards, in order to make audits, examinations, excerpts, transcripts and copies of such documents. This right also includes timely and reasonable access to a recipient's personnel for the purpose of interview and discussion related to such documents. The rights of access in this paragraph are not limited to the required retention period, but shall last as long as records are retained.

45 CFR 74.53(f) -- Unless required by statute, the HHS awarding agency will not place restrictions on recipients that limit public access to the records of recipients that are pertinent to an award, except when the HHS awarding agency can demonstrate that such records shall be kept confidential and would have been exempted from disclosure pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, if the records had belonged to the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.53(g) -- Paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section apply to the following types of documents, and their supporting records: Indirect cost rate computations or proposals, cost allocation plans, and any similar accounting computations of the rate at which a particular group of costs is chargeable (such as computer usage chargeback rates or composite fringe benefit rates).

45 CFR 74.53(g)(1) -- If the recipient submits to the Federal Government or the subrecipient submits to the recipient the proposal, plan, or other computation to form the basis for negotiation of the rate, then the 3-year retention period for its supporting records starts on the date of such submission.

45 CFR 74.53(g)(2) -- If the recipient is not required to submit to the Federal Government or the subrecipient is not required to submit to the recipient the proposal, plan, or other computation for negotiation purposes, then the 3-year retention period for the proposal, plan, or other computation and its supporting records starts at the end of the fiscal year (or other accounting period) covered by the proposal, plan, or other computation.

45 CFR 74.60 -- Purpose of termination and enforcement Sections 74.61 and 74.62 set forth uniform suspension, termination and enforcement procedures.

45 CFR 74.61 -- Termination

45 CFR 74.61(a) -- Awards may be terminated in whole or in part only if paragraph (a) (1), (2), or (3) of this section applies.

45 CFR 74.61(a)(1) -- By the HHS awarding agency, if a recipient materially fails to comply with the terms and conditions of an award.

45 CFR 74.61(a)(2) -- By the HHS awarding agency with the consent of the recipient, in which case the two parties shall agree upon the termination conditions, including the effective date and, in the case of partial termination, the portion to be terminated.

45 CFR 74.61(a)(3) -- By the recipient upon sending to the HHS awarding agency written notification setting forth the reasons for such termination, the effective date, and, in the case of partial termination, the portion to be terminated. However, if the HHS awarding agency determines in the case of partial termination that the reduced or modified portion of the award will not accomplish the purposes for which the award was made, it may terminate the award in its entirety.

45 CFR 74.61(b) -- If costs are allowed under an award, the responsibilities of the recipient referred to in Sec. 74.71(a), including those for property management as applicable, shall be considered in the termination of the award, and provision shall be made for continuing responsibilities of the recipient after termination, as appropriate.

45 CFR 74.62 -- Enforcement

45 CFR 74.62(a) -- If a recipient materially fails to comply with the terms and conditions of an award, whether stated in a Federal statute or regulation, an assurance, an application, or a notice of award, the HHS awarding agency may, in addition to imposing any of the special conditions outlined in Sec. 74.14, take one or more of the following actions, as appropriate in the circumstances:

45 CFR 74.62(a)(1) -- Temporarily withhold cash payments pending correction of the deficiency by the recipient or more severe enforcement action by the HHS awarding agency.

45 CFR 74.62(a)(2) -- Disallow (that is, deny both use of funds and any applicable matching credit for) all or part of the cost of the activity or action not in compliance.

45 CFR 74.62(a)(3) -- Wholly or partly suspend or terminate the current award.

45 CFR 74.62(a)(4) -- Withhold further awards for the project or program.

45 CFR 74.62(a)(5) -- Take any other remedies that may be legally available.

45 CFR 74.62(b) -- In taking an enforcement action, the HHS awarding agency will provide the recipient or subrecipient an opportunity for such hearing, appeal, or other administrative proceeding to which the recipient or subrecipient is entitled under any statute or regulation applicable to the action. (See also 45 CFR parts 16 and 95.)

45 CFR 74.62(c) -- Costs to a recipient resulting from obligations incurred by the recipient during a suspension or after termination of an award are not allowable unless the HHS awarding agency expressly authorizes them in the notice of suspension or termination or subsequently. Other recipient costs during suspension or after termination which are necessary and not reasonably avoidable are allowable if:

45 CFR 74.62(c)(1) -- The costs result from obligations which were properly incurred by the recipient before the effective date of suspension or termination, are not in anticipation of it, and in the case of a termination, are noncancellable; and

45 CFR 74.62(c)(2) -- The costs would be allowable if the award were not suspended or expired normally at the end of the funding period in which the termination takes effect.

45 CFR 74.62(d) -- The enforcement remedies identified in this section, including suspension and termination, do not preclude a recipient from being subject to debarment and suspension under E.O.s 12549 and 12689 and the HHS implementing regulations at Sec. 74.13 of this part and 45 CFR part 76.

45 CFR 74.70 -- Purpose Sections 74.71 through 74.73 contain closeout procedures and other procedures for subsequent disallowances and adjustments.

45 CFR 74.71 -- Closeout procedures

45 CFR 74.71(a) -- Recipients shall submit, within 90 calendar days after the date of completion of the award, all financial, performance, and other reports as required by the terms and conditions of the award. The HHS awarding agency may approve extensions when requested by the recipient.

45 CFR 74.71(b) -- Unless the HHS awarding agency authorizes an extension, a recipient shall liquidate all obligations incurred under the award not later than 90 calendar days after the funding period or the date of completion as specified in the terms and conditions of the award or in agency implementing instructions.

45 CFR 74.71(c) -- HHS will make prompt payments to a recipient for allowable reimbursable costs under the award being closed out.

45 CFR 74.71(d) -- The recipient shall promptly refund any balances of unobligated cash that HHS has advanced or paid and that is not authorized to be retained by the recipient for use in other projects. 45 CFR part 30 governs unreturned amounts that become delinquent debts.

45 CFR 74.71(e) -- When authorized by the terms and conditions of the award, HHS will make a settlement for any upward or downward adjustments to the Federal share of costs after closeout reports are received.

45 CFR 74.71(f) -- The recipient shall account for any real and personal property acquired with HHS funds or received from the Federal Government in accordance with Secs. 74.31 through 74.37.

45 CFR 74.71(g) -- In the event a final audit has not been performed prior to the closeout of an award, HHS retains the right to recover an appropriate amount after fully considering the recommendations on disallowed costs resulting from the final audit.

45 CFR 74.72 -- Subsequent adjustments and continuing responsibilities

45 CFR 74.72(a) -- The closeout of an award does not affect any of the following:

45 CFR 74.72(a)(1) -- The right of the HHS awarding agency to disallow costs and recover funds on the basis of a later audit or other review.

45 CFR 74.72(a)(2) -- The obligation of the recipient to return any funds due as a result of later refunds, corrections, or other transactions.

45 CFR 74.72(a)(3) -- Audit requirements in Sec. 74.26.

45 CFR 74.72(a)(4) -- Property management requirements in Secs. 74.31 through 74.37.

45 CFR 74.72(a)(5) -- Records retention requirements in Sec. 74.53.

45 CFR 74.72(b) -- After closeout of an award, a relationship created under an award may be modified or ended in whole or in part with the consent of the HHS awarding agency and the recipient, provided the responsibilities of the recipient referred to in Sec. 74.72(a), including those for property management as applicable, are considered and provisions made for continuing responsibilities of the recipient, as appropriate.

45 CFR 74.73 -- Collection of amounts due

45 CFR 74.73(a) -- Any funds paid to a recipient in excess of the amount to which the recipient is finally determined to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the award constitute a debt to the Federal Government. If not paid within a reasonable period after the demand for payment, the HHS awarding agency may reduce the debt by paragraph (a) (1), (2), or (3) of this section:

45 CFR 74.73(a)(1) -- Making an administrative offset against other requests for reimbursements.

45 CFR 74.73(a)(2) -- Withholding advance payments otherwise due the recipient.

45 CFR 74.73(a)(3) -- Taking other action permitted by statute.

45 CFR 74.73(b) -- Except as otherwise provided by law, HHS awarding agencies will charge interest on an overdue debt in accordance with 4 CFR ch. II, "Federal Claims Collection Standards." (See 45 CFR part 30.)

45 CFR 74.80 -- Scope of subpart This subpart contains provisions that apply to awards to commercial organizations. These provisions are in addition to other applicable provisions of this part, or they make exceptions from other provisions of this part for awards to commercial organizations.

45 CFR 74.81 -- Prohibition against profit Except for awards under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) programs (15 U.S.C. 638), no HHS funds may be paid as profit to any recipient even if the recipient is a commercial organization. Profit is any amount in excess of allowable direct and indirect costs.

45 CFR 74.82 -- Program income The additional costs alternative described in Sec. 74.24(b)(1) may not be applied to program income earned by a commercial organization except in the SBIR and STTR programs.