The following document describes many of the risk factors that are linked to high-stress in early childhood, including substantiated abuse or neglect, foster care placement, homelessness, exposure to family violence and prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol. It should be noted that these risk factors often co-occur with other serious risk factors, such as extreme poverty, environmental toxins, parental substance abuse, and post-natal and parental mental health problems, especially maternal depression. Full Text » [PDF, 239KB]
